线粒体膜电位的下降是细胞凋亡早期的一个标志性事件。JC-1 是一种广泛用于检测线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential)△Ψm 的理想荧光探针。可以检测细胞、组织或纯化的线粒体膜电位。在线粒体膜电位较高时， JC-1 聚集在线粒体的基质中，形成聚合物，488nm 激发时的最大发射波长为 590nm，可以产生红色荧光，在流式 图上表现为 FL1 和 FL2 双阳性；在线粒体膜电位较低时，JC-1 不能聚集在线粒体的基质中，此时 JC-1 为单体，488nm 激发时最大发射波长为 527nm，可以产生绿色荧光，形成流式图中所有细胞 FL1 均为阳性。凋亡细胞则大多为 FL1 单阳性。这样就可以非常方便地通过荧光颜色的转变来检测线粒体膜电位的变化。常用红绿荧光的相对比例来衡量 线粒体去极化的比例。 通过 JC-1 从红色荧光到绿色荧光的转变可以很容易地检测到细胞膜电位的下降，同时也可以用 JC-1 从红色荧 光到绿色荧光的转变作为细胞凋亡早期的一个检测指标。
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